''Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko'' (PMEG, en, Complete Manual of Esperanto Grammar, italic=yes) is a book which explains

Esperanto grammar Esperanto is the most widely used constructed language intended for international communication; it was designed with highly regular grammatical rules, and as such is considered an easy language to learn. Each part of speech has a characteristic ...

in an easy-to-learn format. It was mostly written by

Bertilo Wennergren Bertilo Wennergren ( sv, Bertil Wennergren; ; born 4 October 1956) is a Swedish Swedish or ' may refer to: Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically: * Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken p ...

and is for ordinary Esperanto speakers who want to study

Esperanto Esperanto ( or ) is the world's most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language. Created by the Warsaw-based ophthalmologist L. L. Zamenhof in 1887, it was intended to be a universal second language for international communi ...

's grammar, word construction, writing and pronunciation. It does not use traditional grammatical

terminology Terminology is a group of specialized words and respective meanings in a particular field, and also the study of such terms and their use; the latter meaning is also known as terminology science. A ''term'' is a word, compound word, or multi-wor ...

, which makes it easier to understand than traditional grammar textbooks. Examples of the terms used are "O-vorto" (''O-word'') instead of "substantivo" ('' noun, substantive'') and "rolvorteto" (''little role word'') instead of "prepozicio" (''

preposition Prepositions and postpositions, together called adpositions (or broadly, in traditional grammar, simply prepositions), are a class of words used to express spatial or temporal relations (''in'', ''under'', ''towards'', ''before'') or mark various ...

''). These new grammatical terms are also more suitable to describe Esperanto than traditional terms. For example, using traditional terminology, the words "tiu" (''that one''), "ambaŭ" (''both'') and "ties" (''that one's'') would be adjectives, but they behave very differently than the adjectives ending in "a"; the word "A-vorto" (''A-word'') groups words that behave similarly together. PMEG is mainly a practical guide and not really a theoretical work for linguists, unlike the '' Plena Analiza Gramatiko'' (''Complete Analytical Grammar''), which was regarded as "the largest research project into Esperanto's grammar" until PMEG's publication. Since 1995 it has existed on the

Internet The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...

. In 2006, a printed version, published by

Esperanto-USA Esperanto-USA (E-USA) is the largest organization for speakers and supporters of Esperanto in the United States. It was founded in 1952 as the Esperanto League for North America (ELNA) in Sacramento, California. Headquartered in Portland, Maine ...

, was made available for purchase. A revised second edition was released in 2020, and is sold through

E@I E@I ("Education@Internet") is an international youth non-profit organization that hosts educational projects and meetings to support intercultural learning and the usage of languages and internet technologies. E@I started as an informal intern ...

. Only Wennergren is responsible for PMEG's contents, but many other people helped with the making of this book.

References

External links

* {{Official website Esperanto Esperanto dictionaries